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1 industrial catalysis
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2 industrial catalysis
Техника: промышленный катализ -
3 industrial catalysis
English-Russian scientific dictionary > industrial catalysis
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4 catalysis
катализ
– acid catalysis
– acid-base catalysis
– base catalysis
– heterogeneous catalysis
– homogeneous catalysis
– industrial catalysis
– ion-exchange catalysis
– metal catalysis
– micro-heterogeneous catalysis
– negative catalysis
– oxidation-reduction catalysis
– positive catalysis
– semiconductor catalysis
– wet catalysis -
5 catalysis
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6 industrial
1) промышленный
2) индустриальный
3) производственный
4) фабрично-заводский
5) заводской
– industrial architecture
– industrial automation
– industrial boiler
– industrial catalysis
– industrial computations
– industrial condensate
– industrial control
– industrial diamond
– industrial drive
– industrial economics
– industrial emissions
– industrial engine
– industrial engineering
– industrial hazard
– industrial lighting
– industrial load
– industrial lubricant
– industrial luminaire
– industrial network
– industrial noise
– industrial oil
– industrial oxygen
– industrial pipe-line
– industrial poison
– industrial pollution
– industrial safety
– industrial sanitation
– industrial scrap
– industrial structure
– industrial television
– industrial thermometer
– industrial waste
– industrial water
industrial gamma ray source — <engin.> гамма-установка промышленная
industrial power association — <engin.> объединение производственное энергетическое
powered industrial car — <industr.> автокар, автотележка
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7 промышленный катализ
industrial catalysisБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > промышленный катализ
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8 промышленный катализ
Русско-английский технический словарь > промышленный катализ
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9 промышленный катализ
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > промышленный катализ
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10 промышленный катализ
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > промышленный катализ
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11 катализ
* * *ката́лиз м.
catalysisгетероге́нный ката́лиз — heterogeneous catalysisгетеролити́ческий ката́лиз — acid-base catalysisгомоге́нный ката́лиз — homogeneous catalysisгомолити́ческий ката́лиз — oxidation-reduction catalysisионообме́нный ката́лиз — ion-exchange catalysisката́лиз кисло́тами — acid catalysisкисло́тно-осно́вный ката́лиз — acid-base catalysisмикрогетероге́нный ката́лиз — microheterogeneous catalysisмо́крый ката́лиз — wet catalysisката́лиз на мета́лле — metal catalysisката́лиз на полупроводнике́ — semiconductor catalysisокисли́тельно-восстанови́тельный ката́лиз — redox catalysisката́лиз основа́ниями — base catalysisотрица́тельный ката́лиз — negative catalysisположи́тельный ката́лиз — positive catalysisпромы́шленный ката́лиз — industrial catalysis* * * -
12 промышленный катализ
Engineering: industrial catalysisУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > промышленный катализ
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13 Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf
[br]b. 11 October 1884 Goldschmieden, near Breslau, Germanyd. 31 March Buenos Aires, Argentina[br][br]After studying chemistry in Breslau and Leipzig and assisting inter alia at the institute of Fritz Haber in Karlsruhe on the catalysis of ammonia under high pressure, in 1909 he went to Hannover to pursue his idea of turning coal into liquid hydrocarbon under high hydrogen pressure (200 atm) and high temperatures (470° C). As experiments with high pressure in chemical processes were still in their initial stages and the Technical University could not support him sufficiently, he set up a private laboratory to develop the methods and to construct the equipment himself. Four years later, in 1913, his process for producing liquid or organic compounds from coal was patented.The economic aspects of this process were apparent as the demand for fuels and lubricants increased more rapidly than the production of oil, and Bergius's process became even more important after the outbreak of the First World War. The Th. Goldschmidt company of Essen contracted him and tried large-scale production near Mannheim in 1914, but production failed because of the lack of capital and experience to operate with high pressure on an industrial level. Both capital and experience were provided jointly by the BASF company, which produced ammonia at Merseburg, and IG Farben, which took over the Bergius process in 1925, the same year that the synthesis of hydrocarbon had been developed by Fischer-Tropsch. Two years later, at the Leuna works, almost 100,000 tonnes of oil were produced from coal; during the following years, several more hydrogenation plants were to follow, especially in the eastern parts of Germany as well as in the Ruhr area, while the government guaranteed the costs. The Bergius process was extremely important for the supply of fuels to Germany during the Second World War, with the monthly production rate in 1943–4 being more than 700,000 tonnes. However, the plants were mostly destroyed at. the end of the war and were later dismantled.As a consequence of this success Bergius, who had gained an international reputation, went abroad to work as a consultant to several foreign governments. Experiments aiming to reduce the costs of production are still continued in some countries. By 1925, after he had solved all the principles of his process, he had turned to the production of dextrose by hydrolyzing wood with highly concentrated hydrochloric acid.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize 1931. Honorary doctorates, Heidelberg, Harvard and Hannover.Bibliography1907, "Über absolute Schwefelsäure als Lösungsmittel", unpublished thesis, Weida. 1913, Die Anwendung hoher Drucke bei chemischen Vorgängen und eine Nachbildungdes Entstehungsprozesses der Steinkohle, Halle. 1913, DRP no. 301, 231 (coal-liquefaction process).1925, "Verflüssigung der Kohle", Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, 69:1313–20, 1359–62.1933, "Chemische Reaktionen unter hohem Druck", Les Prix Nobel en 1931, Stockholm, pp. 1–37.Further ReadingDeutsches Bergbau-Museum, 1985, Friedrich Bergius und die Kohleverflüssigung. Stationen einer Entwicklung, Bochum (gives a comprehensive and illustrated description of the man and the technology).H.Beck, 1982, Friedrich Bergius, ein Erfinderschicksal, Munich: Deutsches Museum (a detailed biographical description).W.Birkendfeld, 1964, Der synthetische Treibstoff 1933–1945. Ein Beitragzur nationalsozialistischen Wirtschafts-und Rüstungspolitik, Göttingen, Berlin and Frankfurt (describes the economic value of synthetic fuels for the Third Reich).WKBiographical history of technology > Bergius, Friedrich Carl Rudolf
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14 Mercer, John
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 21 February 1791 Great Harwood, Lancashire, Englandd. 30 November 1866 Oakenshaw, Lancashire, England[br]English pioneer in textile chemistry.[br]Mercer began work at the age of 9 as a bobbinwinder and then a hand-loom weaver. He had no formal education in chemistry but taught himself and revealed remarkable ability in both theoretical and applied aspects of the subject. He became the acknowledged "father of textile chemistry" and the Royal Society elected him Fellow in 1850. His name is remembered in connection with the lustrous "mercerized" cotton which, although not developed commercially until 1890, arose from his discovery, c. 1844, of the effect of caustic soda on cotton linters. He also discovered that cotton could be dissolved in a solution of copper oxide in ammonia, a phenomenon later exploited in the manufacture of artificial silk. As a youth, Mercer experimented at home with dyeing processes and soon acquired sufficient skill to set up as an independent dyer. Most of his working life was, however, spent with the calico-printing firm of Oakenshaw Print Works in which he eventually became a partner, and it was there that most of his experimental work was done. The association was a very appropriate one, for it was a member of this firm's staff who first recognized Mercer's potential talent and took the trouble in his spare time to teach him reading, writing and arithmetic. Mercer developed manganese-bronze colours and researched into catalysis and the ferrocyanides. Among his innovations was the chlorination of wool in order to make it print as easily as cotton. It was many years later that it was realized that this treatment also conferred valuable shrink-resisting qualities. Becoming interested in photochemistry, he devised processes for photographic printing on fabric. Queen Victoria was presented with a handkerchief printed in this way when she visited the Great Exhibition of 1851, of which Mercer was a juror. A photograph of Mercer himself on cloth is preserved in the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester. He presented papers to the British Association and was a member of the Chemical Society.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1850.Further ReadingObituary, Manchester Memoirs, Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.Dictionary of National Biography.E.A.Parnell, 1886. The Life and Labours of John Mercer, F.R.S., London (biography). 1867, biography, Journal of the Chemical Society.A.E.Musson and E.Robinson, 1969, Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (includes a brief reference to Mercer's work).RLH
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